The aim of this chapter is to offer a synthesis of current research-based knowledge about top-level
leadership. The author includes in this review most of the major approaches to …

Research on leadership is reviewed, beginning from the now abandoned idea of the “born”
leader. The present view of the three elements important for the understanding and practice …

… Copyright © 2003 by Marshall Sashkin and Molly G. Sashkin All rights reserved. No part of
this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, …

… Marshall Sashkin … Marshall Sashkin is a professor of industrial … Sashkin, for specific
suggestions and general encouragement in using my earlier paper as a basis for the current report. …

… Marshall Sashkin and Kenneth Kiser draw on their extensive research and years of practical
… University and principal partner in Marshall Sashkin & Associates, a consulting firm that …

… 1987]; Sashkin [1990]). In this article we use Sashkin and Rosenbach's [1998] definition of
transactional and transformational leadership. They have drawn extensively on the leadership …

Analysis of past reviews helps define OD and critical issues: focus on structure versus behavioral
process, and concern with performance versus people. A literature review shows how …

… Marshall Sashkin was, at the time this report was prepared, a Senior Associate and John
Egermeier is Senior Research Manager, Office of Educational Research and Improvement (…

… Marshall Sashkin is professor of human resource development at George Washington
University. He teaches leadership, consulting skills, and organizational diagnosis. He has …

A typology of participative approaches and methods is applied to organizations.
Mechanisms behind the methods are discussed; a causal model is developed; and sets of …